Studio di fase 3 su atezolizumab rispetto a placebo dopo chirurgia nel mesotelioma pleurico maligno

Inclusion Criteria

* Signed informed Consent Form
* Age ≥ 18 years on day of signing informed consent
* Histologically confirmed malignant pleural mesothelioma
* Surgical resection (P/D), without macroscopic residual. For stage I patient without visceral involvement a total pleurectomy is allowed
* Absence of measurable or non-measurable disease assessed with CT scan after surgery
* Patients must have received at least no 4 cycles of platinum/pemetrexed
* perioperative chemotherapy as per local practice (neoadjuvant or adjuvant or both). Less than 4 cycles of chemotherapy are allowed for clinical decisions

  - In patients previously treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, randomization
* should occur within 50 days from surgical resection.

  - In patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, randomization should occur
* within 30 ±7 days from last dose of adjuvant treatment.
* Performance status of 0-1 on the ECOG Performance Scale
* Availability of a representative tumor specimen for exploratory biomarker research (see Section 4.5.6 for information on tumor specimens) A formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimen in a paraffin block (preferred) or at least 10 slides containing unstained, freshly cut, serial sections must be submitted along with an associated pathology report prior to study enrollment.
* Adequate hematologic and end-organ function, defined by the following laboratory test results, obtained within 14 days prior to initiation of study treatment: ANC ³ 1.5 ´ 109/L (1500/mL) without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support Lymphocyte count ³ 0.5 ´ 109/L (500/mL) Platelet count ³ 100 ´ 109/L (100,000/mL) without transfusion Hemoglobin 9 g/dL Patients may be transfused to meet this criterion. AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) £ 2.5 ´ upper limit of normal (ULN)

Bilirubin £ 1.5 ´ ULN with the following exception:

Patients with known Gilbert disease: bilirubin level £ 3 ´ ULN. Creatinine £ 1.5 ´ ULN Albumin ³ 25 g/L (2.5 g/dL) For patients not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: INR or aPTT £ 1.5 ´ ULN

• For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use contraception, as defined below: Women must remain abstinent or use contraceptive methods with a failure rate of < 1% per year during the treatment period and for 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab. Women must refrain from donating eggs during this same period.

A woman is considered to be of childbearing potential if she is postmenarcheal, hasnot reached a postmenopausal state (³12 continuous months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause), and is not permanently infertile due to surgery (i.e., removal of ovaries, fallopian tubes, and/or uterus) or another cause as determined by the investigator (e.g., Müllerian agenesis). Examples of contraceptive methods with a failure rate of <1% per year include bilateral tubal ligation, male sterilization, hormonal contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, hormone-releasing intrauterine devices, and copper intrauterine devices.

The reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) andn withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception. If required per local guidelines or regulations, locally recognized acceptable methods of contraception and information about the reliability of abstinence will be described in the local Informed Consent Form.

Women with a positive pregnancy test at enrollment or prior to administration of study medication will be excluded.

Exclusion Criteria

* Patient with macroscopic residual disease after surgery, evaluated with CT scan
* after surgery or adjuvant therapy
* Subjects with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease. Subjects with vitiligo, type I diabetes mellitus, residual hypothyroidism due to autoimmune condition only requiring hormone replacement, psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll
* Additional malignancy in the last 5 years. Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervical cancer that has undergone potentially curative therapy
* Active infection requiring systemic therapy
* Patient with positive result to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2
* antibodies) test
* Active Hepatitis B (e.g., HBsAg reactive) or Hepatitis C (e.g., HCV RNA [qualitative] is detected) 7. History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis
* obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, or idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of
* active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan. NOTE:
* History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted
* Known active tuberculosis
* Significant cardiovascular disease (such as New York Heart Association Class II or
* greater cardiac disease, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident) within 3 months prior to initiation of study treatment, unstable arrhythmia, or unstable
* angina
* Major surgical procedure, other than for diagnosis, within 4 weeks prior to initiation of
* study treatment, or anticipation of need for a major surgical procedure during the
* study
* Severe infection within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, including, but
* not limited to, hospitalization for complications of infection, bacteremia, or severe
* pneumonia
* Prior allogeneic stem cell or solid organ transplantation
* Any other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug, may affect the interpretation of the results, or may render the patient at high risk from treatment complications
* Treatment with a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of need for such a vaccine during atezolizumab treatment or within 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab15. Current treatment with anti-viral therapy for HBV
* Treatment with investigational therapy within 28 days prior to initiation of study
* treatment
* Prior treatment with CD137 agonists or immune checkpoint blockade therapies, including anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibodies
* Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents (including, but not limited to, interferon and interleukin 2 [IL-2]) within 4 weeks or 5 drug elimination half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to initiation of study treatment
* Treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medication (including, but not limited to, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-TNF-a agents) within 2 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of need for systemic immunosuppressive medication during study treatment, with the following exceptions:

  * Patients who received acute, low-dose systemic immunosuppressant medication or a one-time pulse dose of systemic immunosuppressant medication (e.g., 48 hours of corticosteroids for a contrast allergy) are eligible for the study after Scientific Responsible approval has been obtained
  * Patients who received mineralocorticoids (e.g., fludrocortisone), corticosteroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, or low-dose corticosteroids for orthostatic hypotension or adrenal insufficiency are eligible for the study
* History of severe allergic anaphylactic reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins
* Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or to any component of the atezolizumab formulation
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding, or intention of becoming pregnant during study treatment or within 5 months after the final dose of study treatment
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test result within 14 days prior to initiation of study treatment.